Ferrous vs Non-Ferrous Metals – What's the Difference and Why It Matters
Published 15 March 2026
Understanding the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals is the first step to getting a better price at the scrap yard.
When you arrive at a scrap yard with a mixed load, the yard will separate and weigh your materials by type. The most fundamental division is between ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Getting this distinction right at home is the easiest way to ensure you receive fair prices for everything you bring.
What Are Ferrous Metals?
Ferrous metals contain iron. The word "ferrous" comes from the Latin "ferrum" meaning iron. Steel and cast iron are the two most common ferrous metals in domestic scrap. Common sources include structural steel sections, old appliances, car bodywork, garden tools, old scaffolding, gates, and boilers.
Ferrous metals are magnetic. Use a strong magnet to identify them — if it sticks firmly, the item is ferrous.
What Are Non-Ferrous Metals?
Non-ferrous metals contain no significant iron content. They are generally more valuable per kilogram because they resist corrosion, conduct electricity better, and are in higher industrial demand. Common non-ferrous scrap includes copper, aluminium, brass, lead, and bronze.
Why the Price Difference Is So Large
Ferrous metals (steel, iron) typically fetch £150–£280 per tonne. Copper fetches £4,200–£5,000 per tonne — a 20-to-1 ratio. The reason is primarily demand and scarcity: copper is a finite resource that is expensive to mine, whereas iron ore is abundant and cheap to process.
The Magnet Test
The fastest way to separate ferrous from non-ferrous:
1. Hold a strong magnet near the metal
2. Strong attraction = ferrous (steel/iron)
3. No attraction = non-ferrous (copper, aluminium, brass, lead)
4. Slight attraction only = likely stainless steel (priced above mild steel)
Stainless Steel — A Special Case
Stainless steel contains iron but also significant chromium. Most grades are non-magnetic or only slightly magnetic. Stainless scraps at a premium over mild steel — typically £400–£800 per tonne depending on grade — but well below copper or aluminium.
Mixed Loads Are Priced at the Lowest Grade
If you mix copper with steel, your entire load will be assessed at steel rates. Always separate before you go.